Pneumococcal

Pneumovax 23 by Merck (Pneumococcal PPSV)

Captured 2022-11-17
Document Highlights

Initial U.S. Approval: 1983

PNEUMOVAX 23 is a vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of pneumococcal disease…

PNEUMOVAX 23 is approved for use in persons 50 years of age or older…

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Use caution and appropriate care for individuals with severely compromised cardiovascular and/or pulmonary function…

Routine revaccination of immunocompetent persons previously vaccinated with a 23-valent vaccine, is not recommended.

Serious adverse experiences within 14 days after PNEUMOVAX 23 included angina pectoris, heart failure, chest pain, ulcerative colitis, depression, and headache/tremor/stiffness/sweating. Serious adverse experiences within 14 days after placebo included myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure… angina pectoris, and edema/urinary retention/heart failure/diabetes.

Serious adverse experiences after PNEUMOVAX 23 included cerebrovascular accident, lumbar radiculopathy, and pancreatitis/myocardial infarction resulting in death.

Post-Marketing Experience
– Cellulitis
– Malaise
– Fever (>102°F)
– Warmth at the injection site
– Decreased limb mobility
– Peripheral edema in the injected extremity Injection-site necrosis
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Lymphadenitis
– Lymphadenopathy
– Thrombocytopenia in patients with stabilized idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
– Hemolytic anemia in patients who have had other hematologic disorders Leukocytosis
– Anaphylactoid reactions
– Serum Sickness
– Angioneurotic edema
– Arthralgia
– Arthritis
– Paresthesia
– Radiculoneuropathy
Guillain-Barré syndrome
– Febrile convulsion
– Rash
– Urticaria
– Cellulitis-like reactions
– Erythema multiforme
– Increased serum C-reactive protein

Post-marketing reports have been received in which some elderly individuals had severe adverse experiences and a complicated clinical course following vaccination. Some individuals with underlying medical conditions of varying severity experienced local reactions and fever associated with clinical deterioration requiring hospital care.

Comments

Clinical trials for Pneumovax 23 used a "saline placebo" containing 0.25% phenol as a control group. Phenol is a bioactive, non-inert substance used as a preservative in Pneumovax and other vaccines.

"Phenol is considered to be quite toxic to humans via oral exposure."

"Phenol is a MUTAGEN. It may cause genetic changes. Mutagens may have a cancer risk. All contact with this chemical should be reduced to the lowest possible level."

"Phenol is a chemical composite agent that is comprised of carbolic acid, phenic acid, phenylic acid, phenyl hydroxide, hydroxybenzene, and oxybenzone. It denatures protein readily and may cause denervation when injected near neural structures, leading to loss of cellular fatty content, separation of the myelin sheath from the axon, and axonal edema. Phenol’s effects may be a combination of both neurotoxicity and ischemia. Histologic specimens have demonstrated non-selective nerve destruction, muscle atrophy, and necrosis with phenol injections."

Source: EPA, Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet, Phenol Nerve Block

One clinical trial administered Pneumovax 23 on day 0 followed by "placebo" at 30 days, or "placebo" on day 0 followed by Pneumovax 23 at 30 days. (All subjects receiving placebo also received Pneumovax 23.)

One clinical trial administered Prevnar 13 to all recipients who then received Pneumovax 23 at 8 weeks followed by "placebo" at 26 weeks, or "placebo" at 8 weeks followed by Pneumovax 23 at 26 weeks. (All subjects receiving placebo also received Prevnar 13 and Pneumovax 23.)

Why placebo controlled trials are necessary.